Togo guide — sources and attribution Prepared 30 October 2026 ECOWAS, overview of Togo, geography, five regions, independence and language: https://ecowap.ecowas.int/media/ecowap/naip/files/Togo_English.pdf UNESCO, Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1140/ Library of Congress, 2024 constitutional revision: https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2024-05-16/togo-new-constitution-promulgated/ UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, travel advice: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/togo Regions and national outline: geoBoundaries gbOpen TGO ADM1, 2017, source OpenStreetMap and Wambacher, Open Database License 1.0 (ODbL): https://www.geoboundaries.org/ and https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright The five simplified region polygons are unioned to form the country outline. This 2017 source includes Greater Lomé in the broader Maritime area. Greater Lomé now has autonomous administration; the map does not separately delineate it. Maritime’s regional capital is Tsévié, not the national capital Lomé. Boundaries are generalized and are educational references. River reaches: Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team, Togo Waterways, extracted October 2026, OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/hotosm_tgo_waterways Named river and stream reaches and the Lac Togo water polygon are selected. Courses can contain gaps; Togo extracts do not show complete cross-border courses. Not navigation data. City coordinates mark approximate settlement centres, not municipal boundaries. Hero: Erik Kristensen, via Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Togo_Taberma_house_02.jpg Quality review and additions, 30 October 2026 Ten sights are approximate learning locations, not entrances or access routes. Coordinates are from Wikipedia/Wikidata page coordinates, checked against the country outline. The Agbodrafo town pin is within 150 m of the generalized coast. Fazao is a representative point within the park; Koutammakou is a representative point in the Togolese cultural landscape. Nok uses the French Wikipedia site coordinate. No uncertain Kamina transmitter coordinate was added. Current regions, capitals and Greater Lomé (Togolese Ministry of Urbanism): https://urbanisme.gouv.tg/amenagement-du-territoire-le-snat-vulgarise-dans-les-cinq-regions-administratives-et-le-grand-lome/ Togo’s National Assembly, Senate and two-chamber parliament (October 2026): https://assemblee-nationale.tg/ouverture-de-la-deuxieme-session-ordinaire-de-lannee-2026-du-senat-en-presence-du-president-de-lassemblee-nationale/ Commonwealth membership: https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/togo World Bank, economy and agriculture: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/togo/publication/afw-togo-towards-sustainable-and-inclusive-growth https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/05/23/new-chapter-partnership-between-world-bank-group-and-togo Heritage and sights: https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/tg/ https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1140/ https://togotourisme.tg/destinations/togoville/ https://togotourisme.tg/destinations/notse/ https://www.togotourisme.tg/destinations/dapaong/ https://togotourisme.tg/destinations/kpalime/ https://tourisme.gouv.tg/agbodrafo-la-maison-des-esclaves-plongee-au-coeur-de-lhistoire-togolaise/ https://tourisme.gouv.tg/ceremonie-dinauguration-officielle-du-premier-complexe-culturel-artistique-et-historique-dafrique-de-louest-denomme-palais-de-lome/ Koutammakou is inscribed on the World Heritage List (2004; extended into Benin in 2023). Fazao-Malfakassa and Nok must not be confused with inscribed properties. The Nok cave-granary group and Fazao are on UNESCO’s Tentative List; Notsé is included for its Ewe historical context. Reading background: https://www.britannica.com/place/Togo https://www.britannica.com/place/Togo/People https://www.britannica.com/place/Togo/Cultural-life UNHCR, Fauziya Kassindja and her memoir: https://www.unhcr.org/us/sites/en-us/files/legacy-pdf/3ae690714.pdf Topic photographs (retained local files; author, source and licence): geography: Lina Mensah, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lac_Togo.jpg history: Rayman3640, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_du_Lac_Togo.jpg language: Erik Kristensen, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Togo_classroom_schoolblock.jpg culture: David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Ewa_Dancers_(21745218591).jpg economy: Brendertogo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Container_ships_at_Lome_port_(cropped).jpg politics: Kayi Lawson (VOA), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_Assembly_of_Togo_entrance_2019.jpg nature: Zayneb Dhahbi, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vue_de_la_montagne_%C3%A0_Fazao.jpg food: Alfrednadjere, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Etalage_de_poissons_fum%C3%A9s.jpg landmarks: Erik Kristensen, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Togo_Taberma_house_06.jpg people: David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lome_Seamstresses_(21876176085).jpg Ewe twin figures (Venavi), Smithsonian Libraries: https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_669880 Bella Bellow’s musical legacy, UNESCO: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/celebrating-world-day-african-and-afro-descendant-culture-2024 Regional cereal drinks, Togolese Ministry of Agriculture: https://agriculture.gouv.tg/bien-cultiver-le-sorgho-au-togo/