Papua New Guinea country guide — references and provenance Reviewed 25 October 2026 Reading - PNG National Parliament: https://www.parliament.gov.pg/ Parliamentary institutions, constitutional monarchy and national history. - Autonomous Bougainville Government, Peace Agreement: https://abg.gov.pg/peace-agreement Autonomy, weapons disposal, referendum and the consultation/ratification framework. The 2019 referendum is distinguished from a completed change of sovereignty. This guide does not predict the outcome or timing of the political process. - Australian DFAT, country brief: https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/papua-new-guinea/papua-new-guinea-country-brief Country orientation, government, independence and economic context. - UNESCO, Kuk Early Agricultural Site: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/887/ Early cultivation and drainage; World Heritage inscription in 2008. - Bank of Papua New Guinea: https://www.bankpng.gov.pg/ Kina, toea and central banking. - PNG Tourism Promotion Authority: https://papuanewguinea.travel/ Cultural, culinary and geographic context; local arrangements vary. - Commonwealth War Graves Commission: https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/ Bomana and Lae war cemeteries. The Parliament and ABG pages were accessible during review. DFAT, UNESCO, central-bank and tourism requests returned access/service errors in this execution environment. They are reference links, not a claim of fresh review of every linked page. No current opening times, schedules, prices, population estimate, named office-holder or travel-access guarantee is included. Map Natural Earth v5.1.2, 1:10m Admin 0 Countries, public domain: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/v5.1.2/geojson/ne_10m_admin_0_countries.geojson https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/ The retained PNG-only source is scripts/papua-new-guinea-outline-source.geojson. Run node scripts/build-papua-new-guinea-map.mjs from the repository root to rebuild the public national outline, twenty settlement pins, atlas pack and place-name registry. Coordinates, prompts and notes are retained in scripts/papua-new-guinea-map-places.json. The source outline includes the PNG mainland, New Britain, New Ireland, Manus, Bougainville and many smaller islands. It is generalised reference geography, not a legal survey; tiny islands and headlands may be omitted. It does not draw internal administrative borders. Settlement coordinates are curated approximate centres, cross-referenced by the named places' Wikipedia articles. The towns are a representative selection, not a population ranking. The national outline is tested against independent mainland/island anchors. Settlement and sight checks generally allow 1 km from the generalised coast. Daru Island is omitted (the town pin is 4.68 km from the retained outline), and Samarai is omitted (3.27 km); these two named pins have 5 km and 3.5 km test limits respectively. Kavieng is 1.69 km from the generalised tip of New Ireland and has a named 2 km limit. Buka Passage is tested as water, not land. No coordinates are shifted to fit the source. Buka town and Buka Passage are separate pins. Kokopo and Rabaul are separate towns. The Kokoda pin marks the settlement, not the complete track. Park, river and island sights use representative points, not entire extents. Landowners and communities set local access arrangements; map pins do not grant permission or indicate safety. Photographs Ten existing local PNG photographs are reused from the site's credited photo registry, src/lib/oceanian-facts-heroes.json (PG). The banner reuses the Mount Piora landscape shown in geography; it is not labelled Mount Wilhelm. Images retain their individual Commons source links, author, licence and alt text: geography: The highlands around Mount Piora, Papua New Guinea /images/facts-oceania/pg/geography.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(Landscape_of_Mount_Piora,_Papua_New_Guinea)_-_DPLA_-_f3db1b289344c67b6f0d7335ac20c952.jpg Carlquist, Sherwin John, 1930-2021, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons history: The entrance to Lae War Cemetery, Papua New Guinea /images/facts-oceania/pg/history.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lae_War_Cemetery_TokPisin_sign_at_front_gate2.jpg Phenss, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons language: Students at Caritas Technical Secondary School in East Boroko, Papua New Guinea /images/facts-oceania/pg/language.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Students_from_Caritas_Technical_Secondary_School_in_various_classrooms,_East_Boroko,_Papua_New_Guinea_(10725936106).jpg Ness Kerson/madNESS Photography for AusAID, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons culture: Dancers at the Goroka Show, Papua New Guinea /images/facts-oceania/pg/culture.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goroka_Show_-_Lastra.jpg Anselmo Lastra, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons economy: A coffee shop supporting City Mission Farm, Papua New Guinea /images/facts-oceania/pg/economy.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boys_from_City_Mission_Farm_running_the_coffee_shop_to_earn_money_for_the_farm._(10678025116).jpg Ness Kerson/madNESS Photography for AusAID, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons politics: The Parliament House in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea /images/facts-oceania/pg/politics.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Papua_New_Guinea,_Parliament,_Port_Moresby.jpg Duraisamy manivel, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons nature: A blue bird-of-paradise, Papua New Guinea /images/facts-oceania/pg/nature.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paradisaea_rudolph_-Papua_New_Guinea-4.jpg markaharper1, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons food: Produce at Gerehu market in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea /images/facts-oceania/pg/food.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gerehu_Markets_Port_Moresby,_Papua_New_Guinea_(10697421164).jpg Ness Kerson/madNESS Photography for AusAID, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons landmarks: Volcanic cones and the Tavurvur plume near Rabaul, Papua New Guinea /images/facts-oceania/pg/landmarks.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turanguna_and_Kombiu.jpg Taro Taylor, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons people: People at Gerehu market in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea /images/facts-oceania/pg/people.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gerehu_Markets_Port_Moresby,_Papua_New_Guinea_(10697727534).jpg Ness Kerson/madNESS Photography for AusAID (13/2529), CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons