Pakistan learning maps — prepared 18 October 2026

Regions: geoBoundaries gbOpen PAK ADM1, boundaryID PAK-ADM1-70912109,
2019 reference depiction, geoBoundaries/Wikipedia, public domain.
Metadata: https://www.geoboundaries.org/api/current/gbOpen/PAK/ADM1/
Pinned source (Git LFS media):
https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/wmgeolab/geoBoundaries/9469f09/releaseData/gbOpen/PAK/ADM1/geoBoundaries-PAK-ADM1.geojson
Raw geometry: scripts/pakistan-admin-source.geojson.
The seven source areas are NOT seven provinces. They distinguish the four
provinces, Islamabad Capital Territory, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and
Gilgit-Baltistan. The last two are separately administered by Pakistan within
the disputed Kashmir region. The inherited 2019 reference lines are not a
survey of current control or an endorsement of any sovereignty claim.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa includes the former FATA, merged in 2018.

Rivers, reservoir and sea: Natural Earth 1:10m, version 5.1.2, public domain.
https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/
Pinned source files:
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/v5.1.2/geojson/ne_10m_rivers_lake_centerlines.geojson
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/v5.1.2/geojson/ne_10m_lakes.geojson
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/v5.1.2/geojson/ne_10m_geography_marine_polys.geojson
Extract: scripts/pakistan-water-source.geojson, retaining Natural Earth source identifiers (rivernum for river records).
Five named rivers are clipped to the reference land with a 0.035-degree
margin for border channels. Source gaps remain; no connecting lines are
invented. Tarbela is the source reservoir polygon; its footprint is removed
from the Indus target to prevent overlapping answers. Only selected reaches
are included, not entire cross-border rivers or all tributaries. The Arabian
Sea is clipped to the map frame and has the reference land and the existing
public/countries.geojson land mask subtracted. It is not a maritime boundary.
Reference water geometry does not show current flow, levels, shorelines,
access, water-sharing rules or the status of international agreements.

Cities: curated WGS84 city-centre coordinates, checked against their stated
region. A centre pin is not the city's extent. Sight coordinates are checked
against Wikipedia's coordinate API; broad landscapes use representative pins.
All coordinates use [longitude, latitude].

Rebuild: python3 scripts/build-pakistan-maps.py (requires Shapely).
Refresh waters: put the three pinned Natural Earth GeoJSON files in one
directory and run python3 scripts/extract-pakistan-waters.py <directory>.
Verify: node scripts/test-pakistan-guide.cjs.

Administrative context: https://www.pakistan.gov.pk/provinces
Dispute context: https://unmogip.unmissions.org/en
Visitor advice: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/pakistan