Lebanon learning maps — reviewed 19 October 2026

Selection: nine governorates, twenty cities/towns, the Litani River and the
Mediterranean Sea. WGS84 longitude, latitude. Generalised learning geometry
does not define legal borders, current military control, safe routes,
visitor entrances, navigable waterways or present shorelines.

Governorates: geoBoundaries gbOpen LBN ADM1, boundaryID LBN-ADM1-68408151.
2017 reference framework, 12 December 2023 build, nine units. The supplied
metadata identifies geoBoundaries/Wikimedia Commons and Public Domain.
https://www.geoboundaries.org/api/current/gbOpen/LBN/ADM1/
https://github.com/wmgeolab/geoBoundaries/tree/9469f09/releaseData/gbOpen/LBN/ADM1
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866
The full source and metadata are retained in scripts/lebanon-admin-source.geojson
and scripts/lebanon-admin-metadata.json. Source French names are mapped to
English display names. The source's eight ISO codes are retained; Keserwan-Jbeil
has no ISO code in that snapshot and uses the application identifier
lb-region-keserwan-jbeil. This is not a claim that it has an official ISO code.
The physical Mount Lebanon range differs from Mount Lebanon Governorate.
Keserwan-Jbeil was created in 2017, so older eight-area maps differ.
https://www.lebanesearabicinstitute.com/administrative-divisions-lebanon/

Litani River: © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0, retrieved 19 October 2026.
https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/384062
https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright
https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/
Original main_stream member geometry and way IDs are retained in
scripts/lebanon-water-source.geojson. Side streams and tributary relations
are excluded. The build simplifies the line at 0.0001 degrees. The downloadable
derived waters data is served at /lebanon-waters.geojson under ODbL 1.0.
The Litani river named in Natural Earth's global rivers file is a South
American namesake, so it is deliberately not used for the Lebanese river.
The river course was checked against the Litani River Authority's basin maps:
https://www.litani.gov.lb/en-us/geomap
https://www.litani.gov.lb/en-us/aboutlra/lraproject

Sea: Natural Earth 1:10m, public domain. The coastal learning extent is clipped
against the retained Natural Earth regional land snapshot and Lebanon's own
governorates, with a 50 m land buffer. The underlying snapshot is shared with
scripts/saudi-arabia-context-land-source.geojson. Offshore extent edges are
hidden by the common waters renderer. This answer area is not territorial sea.
https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/blob/master/geojson/ne_10m_admin_0_countries.geojson
https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/

City and sight pins: curated settlement or monument coordinates; broad
landscapes use representative pins. The fairground uses UNESCO's property
coordinate rather than Wikipedia's redirect to Tripoli city centre. The five
Mount Amel castle pins use the inscribed component coordinates below, including
the corrected Beaufort location (some older tentative-list coordinates differ).
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1810/maps/
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1702/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadisha_Valley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeita_Grotto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beiteddine_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lebanon

Rebuild: node scripts/build-lebanon-maps.mjs
Verify: node scripts/test-lebanon-guide.cjs
Production: LEBANON_BASE_URL=https://worldly.academy node scripts/test-lebanon-guide.cjs