# Brunei country guide Reviewed 25 October 2026. Public routes: `/atlas/brunei` and `/facts/bn`. The dedicated guide replaces the concise regional reading with ten illustrated topics, thirty answered reading questions, eight settlement targets, twelve sights and the existing Malay lessons. Atlas registration exposes the guide in the directory, sitemap and country links. The regional Asian adapter returns the same reading. No citizenship exam is added. ## Editorial references - [Information Department country profile](https://www.information.gov.bn/Pages/AboutBrunei.aspx) and [historical background](https://www.information.gov.bn/Media%20Document%20Library/Brunei%20Today/brunei%20in%20brief_FINAL%202.pdf): geography, four districts, British protection and independence. Full independence on 1 January 1984 is distinguished from National Day on 23 February. Historic influence is not presented as modern territorial boundaries. - [Universiti Brunei Darussalam language research](https://fass.ubd.edu.bn/research/brunei-languages.html), [Brunei Malay](https://fass.ubd.edu.bn/research/brunei-malay/intro1.html), [Kedayan](https://fass.ubd.edu.bn/research/kedayan/intro1.html) and [Belait language shift](https://expert.ubd.edu.bn/en/publications/language-shifts-and-transnational-migration-in-the-belait-communi-2/): Standard Malay, everyday varieties, community languages and language transmission. Official ethnic classifications do not identify everyone's language. The linked lessons teach general Malay, not a dedicated Brunei Malay curriculum. - [Brunei Tourism](https://www.bruneitourism.com/), [Brunei-Muara](https://www.bruneitourism.com/brunei-muara/), [Tutong](https://www.bruneitourism.com/tutong/), [Belait](https://www.bruneitourism.com/belait/), [Temburong](https://www.bruneitourism.com/temburong/), [Kampong Ayer](https://www.bruneitourism.com/places/kampong-ayer/), [local delicacies](https://www.bruneitourism.com/local-delicacies/) and [bridge](https://www.bruneitourism.com/places/sultan-haji-omar-ali-saifuddien-bridge-shoas-bridge/): cultural places, food and the direct road connection across Brunei Bay. Sight locations are approximate learning pins, without prices, hours or promised access. - [Petroleum Authority](https://www.pa.gov.bn/oil-and-gas-in-brunei/) and [central bank monetary framework](https://www.bdcb.gov.bn/index.php/monetary-policy/monetary-policy-framework): the energy economy and currency arrangement. The [Monetary Authority of Singapore](https://ask.gov.sg/mas/questions/clx8ktis200apryozudgotwzx) explains that private vendors may refuse the other country's currency. - [Attorney General's Chambers legislation](https://www.agc.gov.bn/legislation_online/), [Freedom House profile](https://freedomhouse.org/country/brunei), and [current FCDO advice](https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/brunei/safety-and-security): monarchy, appointed legislature, restricted political rights and local laws. Royal officeholders are dated October 2026. The guide links current travel advice rather than publishing nationality-specific visas or changing health forms. - [Forestry Department](https://www.forestry.gov.bn/forest-recreation/), [dipterocarp forests](https://www.forestry.gov.bn/mixed-dipterocarp/), [mangroves](https://www.forestry.gov.bn/mangrove/) and [montane habitats](https://www.forestry.gov.bn/montane/): distinguish forest types and forest cover from primary rainforest. No undated cover percentage or park-area estimate is used; sources differ on the protected park's area. ## Map and photograph provenance The retained outline is Brunei's feature from Natural Earth v5.1.2, 1:10m Admin 0 Countries (public domain), downloaded from: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/v5.1.2/geojson/ne_10m_admin_0_countries.geojson `node scripts/build-brunei-map.mjs` rebuilds the national outline, settlement pins, atlas pack and names offline. Settlement centres and most sight pins are cross- checked against the corresponding English Wikipedia article coordinates. Sungai Liang uses the village (`Kampong Sungai Liang`), not the same-named stream. Labi's summary resolves to an administrative-area centre, so Labi is discussed in the reading without representing that coordinate as a village pin. Tasek Merimbun uses its lake reference at approximately 4.5892 N, 114.675 E. Ulu Temburong is a representative park location, not a visitor entrance. The outline generalises the coast and river mouths; Kampong Ayer is on water. Seria’s published town centre lies about 0.51 km beyond this generalised coastline; the Billionth Barrel Monument lies about 1.28 km beyond it. Tests permit a 0.6 km coastal margin for Seria and 1.4 km for that monument, with strict land membership for every other settlement and sight. Correct locations are retained rather than moving pins to fit the outline. These files are learning maps, not legal boundary surveys or directions. The ten existing local photographs in `src/lib/asian-facts-heroes.json` retain their source pages, licences, authors and alt text. The banner is a local copy of Abdullah Geelah's mosque-and-barge photo, selected under CC BY-SA 2.5, with its source metadata alongside the JPEG. All credits and references are also available publicly at `/data/brunei-guide-sources.txt`. ## Quiz review and validation The eighty-question fixture copies the existing Brunei section of `seed-sea-batch2.mjs` exactly, without running a seed. Thirty-one read-time corrections remove a false Bornean cassowary claim, a primary-forest percentage, a false claim about the mosque dome being made of pure gold, ambiguous language options, undated demographic percentages, simplified historical power and wealth rankings. The original snapshot remains auditable; the shared review boundary also corrects matching stored questions without changing database IDs or progress. Numbered topic rounds, random draws and seeded daily draws use the bundled snapshot. No database, schema or seed script is changed. `node scripts/test-brunei-guide.cjs` checks discovery, readings, answers, credited images, map membership and bounds, complete rounds, previews, sights, exact seed parity, review idempotence and every facts draw path. `BRUNEI_BASE_URL` additionally checks public pages, assets, discovery and quiz responses. TypeScript, lint and production compilation check integration; browser verification covers the live guide and starting a map and facts round. ## Image credits Banner: Abdullah Geelah; CC BY-SA 2.5; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sultan_Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_Mosque_with_the_ceremonial_ship.jpg Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ Changes: Downloaded Wikimedia thumbnail, resized by the source service to 1280 pixels wide. geography: The Brunei River seen from Kota Batu Yu Chu Chin, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Brunei_River_viewed_from_the_Brunei_Darussalam_Maritime_Museum_in_Kota_Batu,_Brunei_-_07.jpg history: The Royal Regalia Museum in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Bernard Spragg. NZ, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Regalia_Building,_Brunei;_2009.jpg language: Jawi lettering on a roadside sign in Rimba, Brunei Yu Chu Chin, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jawi_road_sign_in_Rimba,_Brunei.jpg culture: The stilt houses of Kampong Ayer on the Brunei River the Tourism Development Department of Brunei, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kampong_Ayer_Brunei_Darussalam.jpg economy: The oil refinery at Seria in Brunei DeltaSquad833, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seria_Oil_Refinery.jpg politics: Volumes of Brunei’s laws at the Legislative Council building Pangalau, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Legislative_Council_building_14.jpg nature: The canopy walkway in Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei Pangalau, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ulu_Temburong_Canopy_Walk_2013_02.jpg food: Ambuyat served in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei e_chaya, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ambuyat_in_Bandar_Seri_Begawan_Brunei.jpg landmarks: Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque at dusk in Brunei sam garza, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sultan_Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_Mosque_02.jpg people: A fruit seller at a market in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Bernard Spragg. NZ, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_sells_fruits_at_a_market_in_Bandar_Seri_Begawan;_2009.jpg